PT Journal AU Gonata, E SO Aura musica PY 2016 BP 10 EP 15 VL 9 IS 1 DE orchestra; conducting; baton; Mendelssohn-Bartholdy; Berlioz; Wagner AB The essay deals with the development of conducting technique during the 19th century, especially in France and Germany. Three main methods are underlined: from keyboard, with violin bow and by baton. In the second part, it follows up the contribution of F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, H. Berlioz and R. Wagner. ER